the neat bitumen, an oil refining by-product, has its own inherent weakness under long-time loading at low and high temperatures. these performance limitations of neat bitumen have led researchers to modify its physical andmechanical properties. according to several studies, polymers can be used to modify the properties of bitumen. due to much lower production costs and aiming to reduce environ...

it has been known for years that microbial surface active agents have a wide range of applications not only in oil spill environment but also in many industries. their properties including: (i) changing surface active phenomena, such as lowering of surface and interfacial tensions, (ii) wetting and penetrating actions, (iii) spreading, (iv) hydrophylicity and hydrophobicity actions, (v) microbi...

Real-time Radio Control (RC) systems require instantaneous response in the controlled device. RC systems have wide applications, including ad hoc networks. Imperfections in the wireless channel (noise and interference) result in randomly fluctuating latency in the response of the system. A lag occurs when the system latency exceeds a specified real-time threshold. System Lag Occurrence Probabil...

It is well known that the complex structure of the QCD vacuum can, in some regimes, be parametrized by local vacuum condensates, i.e. the expectation values of operators where all the perturbative vacuum fluctuations are taken out at the best of our ability . The first attempt to calculate the effect of non-perturbative vacuum condensates on the energy levels of heavy quarkonia was performed in...

NEW HOSPITAL menus designed by celebrity chefs have run into yet more trouble after nurses at one trust labelled the food 'slop'.

In heavy ion accelerators the beam line vacuum is effected by lost ions impinging on the beam pipe. Due to ion induced desorption gas is released from the walls into the vacuum. This vacuum degeneration effects the ion beam life time and is a serious luminosity limitation for a heavy ion synchrotron like SIS18. Here we report on a new approach to understand the physics of the ion induced desorp...